Numerical analysis of static behavior of caisson-type quay wall deepened by grouting rubble-mound

Abstract Caisson type gravity quay wall is a common structure used in the coastal regions. However, many of existing walls constructed past are becoming obsolete. Therefore, main goal this study to enhance performance these by increasing front water depth. To deepen depth, special grout ejected solidify rubble mound under caisson toe, then excavating part placed designed level. Various cases with different shapes and dimensions proposed optimize grouted area. Based on examination stability construction feasibility, reasonable geometry area can be selected. In addition, numerical analysis performed Finite Element Method (FEM) program (PLAXIS 2D) expect behavior rubble. The results demonstrate that after upgrading, maximum contact stress between increases sharply, but at bottom does not change comparison prior innovation. also indicates when Hardening Soil (HS) model applied, displacement higher than Mohr–Coulomb soil (MC) model.